<스크랩> 전북관광영어자료 2

敎育.學事關係

<스크랩> 전북관광영어자료 2

鶴山徐仁 2009. 1. 21. 20:43

글쓴이: 테솔영어샘

CULTURE & ART

JEOLLABUK-DO

― WEST AREA ―

Jeollabuk-do Office of Education

		CONTENTS

1. GUNSAN1

2. IKSAN14

3. WANJU44

4. BUAN66

5. GOCHANG93

6. GIMJE118

7. JEONGEUP142

8. FOLK TAILS IN KOREAN CHILDREN194

* SITUATIONAL DIALOGUE213

1. GENERAL ASPECT

Situated along the Geum River in the western coast of the country, Gunsan has been considered as one of historic and beautiful cities in Korea. The population of this city is now about 300 thousand. The city was called Gunsan at the first time in the Goryeo Dynasty. From ancient

times the city has been an import!ant port and center of maritime trade. A river called Geumgang has been flowing through the fertile region around Gunsan. Owing to this river, the main industry of this city has been agriculture and fishery for a long time. In the colonial time of Japan, 20% of exported rice in Korea was transported to other countries in Gunsan harbor. Since 1980s, Gunsan opened its port to foreign trade and started its career as a modern industrial city, and now it is one of the most import!ant centers of industry and international trade. It has lots of industrial factories such as automobile, glass, fabrics-paper manufacturing.

There are many attractive places to visit here in Gunsan. You can see very beautiful and cheery flowers in spring time. Cherry Festival in May is so famous and fantastic.

You can also drive pretty cheery road from Gunsan to Jeonju. Mt. Wolmyeong, in the west part of the city overlooks the sky. In the Geumgang Estuary, thousands of birds including swans, black-headed birds come and offer an incredibly beautiful sights when their flocks fly up in the air.

▶Location

▪The central part of the city is located at the Geumgang estuary on the south of western coast.

▪On the north of the city, across the Geum River, there are Seocheon-gun and Janghang-eup, Chungcheongnam-do. on its south, the Mankyeong River and Gimje City, Jeollabuk-do are located. on its east, there are Iksan City and on its west, there is the West Sea.

▪Gunsan city is located in the West of a combined city of Jeonju, Iksan, and Gunsan with the population of about 1,200,000 is the complex city of sea, islands, and land fields.

▶History

▪At beginning of the 4th century AD :

Masurlyang-hyeon of Baekje kingdom.

▪Year of 756 : Okgu-hyeon of shilla kingdom.

▪1 May 1899 : Gusan Port was opened.

▪1 Oct 1910 : Gunsan Bu was built.

▪15 Aug 1949 : The name of Gunsan City was changed from Gunsan-Bu.

▶City Symbol

▪City Tree

The city tree is a ginkgo tree.

Green leaves of fan shape, having limitless vitality, are pure trees that are planted widely in this area as the roadside tree, symbolizing the city's limitless development. And its fruits have been used widely as a medicinal stuff.

▪City Flower

Because of being red in color, it is also called "Yeoshimhwa" meaning Woman's heart. The inner stamen of the flower is yellow, which symbolizes peace. It grows naturally along the seashore of this area and in the Wolmyeong Park. It signifies the citizen's spirit of respecting peace and fidelity.

▪City Bird

Violent characteristic of soaring bird, kicking off wild waves of the Sea, symbolizes the high idea and progressive spirit of Gunsan, wishing to stand high as the central city along the west coast.

2. CULTURAL RELICS

▶Wolmyeong Park & Eunpa Resort

Wolmyeong Mountain overlooks the sky.

The top of the Wolmyeong Mountain commands a wide view of the blue sea, numerous islands, Geumgang River, and downtown Gunsan. The mountain is a favorite tourist spot for both citizens and visitors, and Eunpa Resort is located at the foot of the mountain.

▶Geumgang Estuary Dyke Resort

The Peaceful Land for Moving Birds-The Geumgang Lake.

There is Geumgang Estuary Dyke Resort in Gunsan.

The dyke has become a safe heaven for moving birds as it blocks the flow of sea water and supplies plenty of food. In winter we can see thousands of moving and resident birds including swans, snipes, and black-headed plovers. When their flocks fly up in the air, the sight is miraculous for all visitors. This lake is really the peaceful land for moving birds.

3. CULTURAL FESTIVITIES

▶ The Fantastic Cherry Tree Festival

People who visit Gunsan in April can drive along the wonderful cherry road and enjoy this beautiful scenery. In this season we hold fantastic cherry tree festival. You can join many kinds of events such as "Beauty Contest" ,"Pop Song Festival", "Traditional Food Festival", "The Marathon along cherry tree tunnel", etc.

Please come and join with us!!

▶ Gunsan Yongwang-gut(exorcism)

Gunsan is the province connecting land to island. From the past, in Gunsan, Yongwang-dang(a house for exorcism) was built up and Yongwang-gut was preval!ent. Yongwang-gut is the folk one, hereditary-exorcists praying for safety of all the people coming and going by land or by ship, wishing a big catch and appeasing the God of the Yongwang to the cheerful tune. But during the modernization, the dang where Yongwang-gut was held perishes and also the gut of the hereditary exorcists no longer exists. In the process, Yukshinmu and monks made the gut in harmony with the Buddhist culture and transformed the gut. Recently its original form was found and was represented in the 31th National Folk Contest in 1990.

▶ Okgu Sangjak Nong-ak

(farmer's music closely linked to shamanic rituals)

Sangjak village in Okgu is particularly famous for rich one. Sangjak village has the courteous hearts of the people and nong-ak in it is well-known for being preval!ent. From the Goryeo period on, Okgu has had chinseong-chang, one of the 12 chochangs and also Okgu was the station of the navy during the Joseon Dynasty. It might be that those points have had an effect on forming nong-ak in this province Okgu. Sangjak nong-ak is performed in the 28th National Folk Contest in 1987.

1. GENERAL ASPECT

Iksan is the core of south-western part of Korea. Iksan has a lot of cultural assets as a capital of Mahan and Baekje in ancient times. Iksan is also famous for jewelry industry.

▶History of the name.

The name and area of Iksan have been changed several times:

It was called Gumma-gun in the United Shilla period, Ikju-gun in Goryeo Dynasty, and Iksan-gun since the early Joseon Dynasty. In May 1914, Yeosan-gun, Iksan-gun, Yongan-gun and Hamyeol-eup were united as the name of Iksan-gun by the reorganization of administrative districts. And through a few reorganizations, Iri-si and Iksan-gun were united as Iksan-si on May 10, 1995 at last.

▶Geography

Iksan-si is located in the north-western area of Jeollabuk-do.

In the eastern area, there are Mt. Cheonho (500 meters above sea level) and Mt. Mireuk(430 meters above sea level) branching from the Noryeong Mountains. In the north-western part of Iksan, there is Mt. Hamla.

Iksan is a fertile land with several small and large hills and rivers. To the north, Iksan is adjacent to Nonsan-si and Buyeo-gun, with the Geum River acting as a border. The Okgu plains are to the west, while the Gimje plains are to the south. They are separated by the Mangyeong

River.

Iksan is a convenient place for transportation. Three railroad lines meet at Iksan Station. The Honam Line which is connected from Daejeon to Mokpo, the Jeolla Line from Iksan to Yeosu, the Gunsan Line from Iksan to Gunsan.

Also, the Honam Expressway, one of the largest highways in Korea, crosses the eastern area of Iksan-si. To visit Iksan from the Honam Expressway, drivers can use the Iksan I.C .

▶City flower: Chrysanthemum

This flower is called "Gukhwa" in Korean. It symbolizes the eternal progress and strong spirit of Iksan citizen because of its survival

adaptability. It has strong smell and blooms colorfully in autumn. Sometimes it is used as a kind of medicinal herb.

City tree : Pine Tree

Pine tree is an evergreen tree. It symbolizes the unyielding spirit of Iksan citizen. It always grows well everywhere even if the land is barren and dry. Especially, The 350-year-old Pendulous Pine Tree located in Sinjak-ri, Mangseong-myeon is designated as a Natural Monument No.188.

City bird : White Dove

This bird symbolizes love and peace. It has been regarded as a lucky bird because it symbolizes such spirits as warm affection, cooperation among citizens, love for hometown. We can easily find it in the park or mountain around Iksan-si.

2. CULTURAL RELICS

▶The Stone Pagoda on the mireuksa Temple Site(National Treasure No. 11)

This pagoda, Korea's largest, is estimated to have been built around AD 600. It has great historic value as it illustrates the transition from wood to stone in pagoda construction. It stands 14meters high with only six stories remaining now. TEL : (063) 840-3578

▶ Royal Tombs in Iksan (Historic Site No. 87)

‧ Location / sokwang-dong

They are located on the 'Wang-Moe' low hill. They are 200m away form each other. The eastern tomb is the small king's while the western one the small king's.

They are known as the tombs of the royal couple Moo of Baekje era which is proved in 1917 by an expert's research results.

▶ Hwasan Catholic Church (Historic site no, 318)

‧ Location / hwasan-ri, mangsong-myeon

This church is also called 'Nabawee Catholic church.'

The first Korean Catholic priest, Kim Dae-Gun, took the first step at this historic place.

The church is built by the catholic priest, Jang Yak-sil In 1897. This building is reconstructed in 1906 and its figure shows a style to be harmonized the eastern and the western style.

▶ Bronze Incense Burner (Koryeo Era)

‧ Location / songchon-ri, eungpo-myeon

Erected in 1345 under king chungmok of Goryeo era. this temple took its name after sorim Temple in china.

Bogwang Hall in the Temple and Bronze incense burner are designated Treasure no. 825 and Regional Visible cultural Asset N o. 67 respectively.

▶ Buddhist Triad of Taebong Temple

(Local Tangible Cultural property No. 12)

‧ Location / yeonding-ri, samgi-myeon

This temple is located in the north of Taebong mountain. Its main building has a sitting statue on the center, with the Merciful Goddess and the Bodhisattva of Wisdom and Intellect on each side of it.

This statue is made in Baekje period. Recently its face and head were corrected in plaster.

▶ Mangmodang

(Local Tangible Cultural property No. 90)

‧ Location / gwangam-ri, wanggung-myeon

On the 40th year (1607) of king Seonjo in Joseon period, a scholar, Song Younggu (named pyeowong) built this house to remember his ancestors after his father's death. Having a simple architectural feature, this building wears a scholarly elegance.

▶ Hambyokjeong

(Local Trangible Cultural property No. 127)

‧ Location : dyongryong-ri, wanggung-myeon

50 years ago, after Wanggung reservoir was made, Song Buongwoo with his private money built this building in the traditional style of korean architecture. The structure of roof is very particular, and its sculpture of new post is excellent.

▶ Baekje Earthenware kiln Site

(Local monument No. 14)

‧ Location / sinyong-ri geumma-myeon

This site is located in the east of Mireuk mountain. In 1983, 2 kilns were discovered here. Its shape revealed the confucian with the half underground arch on the half cave flatly dug into like snake head. It was probably made in the middle of 6th century, so it explains that Japanese Seyaki Culture was derived from Baekje.

▶ Mireuksansung : Mireuk fortress

(Local monument No. 12)

‧ Location : shinyong -ri, geumma-myeon

This wall is also called Gijunseong because after the fall of Gojoseon, King Jun had set up the wall from the Mireuk mountaintop, Oujebong along the eastern valley. It is also called 'Gijun castle' because king jun of Gojoseon built it. In the castle, there are the relics of Baekje period as well as of Mahan period.

It has been used until Joseon period

▶ Yongan confucian shrine

(Local Cultural Property Material NO. 86)

‧ Location / gyodong-ri, yongan-myeon

It borders on the back of Yongan elementary school in the south of Yongan. There is main building on the center, Myeongyoondang and Gyojiksa on the east, and Jeonsajae and Chunghyo- Gwan on the west.

▶ Stone pagoda in Mireuksaji (National Treasure No.11)

The first korean stone pagoda constructed by the 30th king Moo(660-641) of Baekje dynasty, it shows the transitional structure from wooden pagoda to stone pagoda.

This pagoda is located in the west of Mireuksaji(translated into Mireuk temple site), it used to be a 9-storied pagoda, but now 6-storied one.

The back of the pagoda is repaired with cement by the Japanese in 1915.

▶Some information about Lee Byeong-gi

A great master of Sijo, a three-stanza Korean poem.

Su U-jae in Yeosan

Lee Byeong-gi was born March 5th, 1891 at Jinsadong, yeosan-myeon, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do. He learned Chinese characters around 7 or 8, and started to read Chinese writing. He was very smart in those days, so he was called "a talented child".

In April 1910, he went to Seoul to enter Hanseong Teachers' School. He studied at school during daytime, and followed a lecture on Korean Grammar from Ju Si-gyeong who was a famous scholar about the Korean language. He decided to study Korean and Korean literature from that time. After graduation from Hanseong Teachers' School, he worked as a teacher in Jeonju and Yeosan. But he was not satisfied with this job. So he opened a small institution named "Howon Institution", where he helped poor young men to study Korean and Korean history at nights and during vacations.

After Independent Movement in 1919, he went to Seoul. He studied about Korean literature and contributed to developing it, especially Sijo, a three-stanza Korean poem.

Also, he was a member of the committee to plan the unification of the spelling system of Hangeul and a member of the committee for Korean standard language. He had often had a lecture tour on Korean literature all around the country.

However, he was prisoned by Japanese Police because of "The Incident of the Korean Language Committee". After spending one year in prison, he went hometown, Yeosan.

But he did lots of other things after that. He became a professor of Myeong-ryun college in Jeonju and lived there until he retired as a head professor of a college of liberal arts in Jeonbuk University in 1956. He died in 1968 because of illness. He remained a lot of books about Korean literature.

The house, where he was born and died was named Su U-jae, and was appointed a provincial cultural asset in 1973. And a monument having his poem was built in Daga Park, Jeonju, to the memory of him.

3. CULTURAL FESTIVITIES

▶Gems and Jewelry Festival in October

Iksan is a center for precious metals and stones industry. It has the only jewelry industrial complex in Korea. It exports jewelry products all over the world. The Iksan Gems and Jewelry Center is a major attraction for tourism and shopping, where domestic and foreign customers come to find all kinds of jewelry products. The Jewelry Festival is held at the end of October each year. It has various events such as a jewelry fashion show, making his or her own jewelry souvenirs, and export consultations with buyers invited from abroad.

‧ Purposes

Its purpose is the formation of the largest and cheapest jewelry market are to improve the local economy by attracting a lot of tourist groups and enlighten the jewelry culture.

‧ Plan

Name : Gems and Jewelry Festival of Iksan

Time : Every October

Place : The Iksan Gems and Jewelry Center

‧ Introduction

Iksan, located northwest of Jeollabuk-do, was the center of Mahan. Mahan was the old country which had accomplished the splendid metal art culture. With the tradition of art transmitted, a jewelry complex in this area is composed of about 1000 shops. This festival will be a good chance to buy beautiful jewels manufactured by skillful workers. In addition, tourists themselves can have an experience to make their own souvenirs. Above all, this jewelry festival is held to advertise the superiority of Korean craft in this field.

If You Want More Information…

Please call to Local Economy department of Iksan-City hall

(Telephone Number : 063-840-3329)

or to Jewelry Union of Iksan (Telephone Number : 063-835-8007)

‧ The Kind of Jewels

1. Jade: a precious green stone, usually used in rings or necklaces with decorative figure.

2. Diamond : a very hard valuable precious stone, usually colorless, which is used in jewellery. It's a birthstone of April

▶ Cultural Note : In Britain and US, a diamond ring is often given by a man to a woman to show that they are engaged. In connection with this custom, people often mention the saying that diamonds are forever, which is best known from the title of a James Bond book by Ian Fleming.

3. Pearl : a silvery-white mass formed inside the shell of oysters and similar creatures, very valuable as a jewel. It's a birthstone of June.

▶ Cultural Note : We can remember the saying from the Bible "Do not cast pearls before swine.“ This means, "Do not give something valuable to someone who cannot understand its value."

4. Emerald : a bright green precious stone, a birthstone of May.

5. Ruby : a deep red precious stone, a birthstone of July.

6. Sapphire : a precious stone of a transparent bright blue colour,

a birthstone of September.

▶ Cultural Note : Birthstone-the valuable stone which is connected with the month of the year in which one was born. If you were born in July, then your birthstone is a ruby.

▶ Hamyeol Nong-gi Ppaeggi

Hamyeol is the name of Hamyeol-up, Iksan City. Gissaum or nong-gi ppaeggi has been transmitted in this province. It is said that nong-gi ppaeggi of this region is traditionally older than that of any other region. And the size of nong-gi ppaeggi is said to be the largest of all provinces. The literatures "Joseon and Joseon People(1927)" and "Korean Folk Report(written by Song Seok-hwa in 1960)" etc explain this folk game well. Gissaum(Ki game) was preval!ent even in 1940s, but now it seems not to be found.

On the base of above two literatures, however, people explored this region and collected the experiences and witnesses of the seniors. It was restored to the original state in the 9th National Folk Art Contest in 1968.

▶ Iksan Nong-ak

Iri nong-ak, which has been transmitted in Iksan City, is part of Udo nong-ak. Jeongeup and Gimje was central to organizing Iri nong-ak. As soon as Jeongeup nong-ak-dan(troupe for performing Nong-ak) declined on account of death and moving of the members, Iri nong-ak accepted those taught by the members of Jeongeup nong-ak-dan who were proud of the best skills. Thus Iri nong-ak has grown into the professional nong-ak-dan since 1959. Iri nong-ak has won a lot of prizes in the various kinds of national contests since 1980s. It won the best, named President Award in the National Folk Art Contest held in Gangwon Province in October, 1985.

4. SPECIAL PRODUCTS

▶Stone works

The stone carving estates at the region of Hwangdeung and Hamyeol produces the construction materials for domestic demand, and some of it are exported abroad. The granite in Iksan area is of high quality.

▶Melons

The melons are harvested in May at Mangseong-myeon and Yeosan-myeon. Its Korean name is 'chamoe'. The special brand of melon, 'Geumssaragi' symbolizes high quality of melons which are solid and sweet. As products are sold with the name of real producer, the farmers do their best to harvest the best-qualitied melons.

▶Sweet-Potatoes

The sweet-potatoes of Iksan area are sweeter than chestnuts. As they are produced in yellow-soil, they have good taste of high quality. Sweet-potatoes are good for health because of a lot of fibers and rich vitamins. Especially sweet potatoes of Iksan are well-known as a pollution-free health food because chemical fertilizers are not used in growing them.

▶Pears

The soil of Iksan is suited for growing pears because most of the soil in this area is glutinous acher soil. So pears of Iksan have soft, and sweet flesh. The pear farmers play a leading role to satisfy consumers' confidence by selecting all of their products by machines. The products are sold with the name of producer.

▶ Well-Seasoned Steamed Swellfish

In as much as a swellfish has a tasteless, odorless and colorless toxin. only the cook can dress it. But on the other hand the meat of a swellfish has glutamic acid, inosinic acid and taurine which harmonize the tastes. And a swellfish has the effect on lingering intoxication from the night before and has the effect of getting rid of stress. The owner has knowhow of seasoning it. It is said that he can create the fantastic refreshing and spicy taste. Who can imagine the flavor of well-seasoned steamed swellfish until one actually try it?

▶ Sliced Raw Uo

There used to be many ��Uo��and Sphoeroides ocellatus caught at Ungpo area of Iksan, but there are not that many fishes as it used to be due to the construction of an estuary harbor of Geum River.

��Uo �� is a rare fish like salmon only lives in clear and clean water. The best time to try the most delicious raw slices is the season when ��Uo��spawns, during March and April, and the second best time to try is the season that it attains full growth, during september and October. As a meat is tender and sot and bones tastes like sesame, the flavor of sliced ��Uo��is fantastic. ��Uo��accompanied by fresh vegetables help you to get tempt your appetite you may lost.

▶ Pot Stew of Uncurdled Bean Curd

Beans are called "green beef growing at a field" since beans contain all kinds of rich nutrients. Because beans contain the essential albumin, linolenic acid which is regarded as the best vegetable protein, eating beans has the effect getting rid of cholesterol causing diseases of about people and decreasing the numerical value of insulin, the enemy of glycosuria.

Mireuksan uncurdled bean curd is made from mineral water of Mt. Mireuk and original Korean beans. the spicy and refreshing taste of uncurdled bean curd soup, the hot uncurdled bean curd accompanied by vegetables picked right before eating, the combination of bean curd, beef and fresh vegetables are fantastic.

Specially an atmosphere of the restaurant is wonderful. As Mireuksaji Stone pagoda (National Treasure No. 11)is located in front of the restaurant, you can taste delicious food and experience an unique atmosphere with family or a lover

▶ Gang Gua Gang Sai' (Between River and River)

A rice of Iksan cultivated in a rice field lying in between two romantic rivers! Iksan lies in between Geum and Mankyeong rivers. The trade mark of 'Gang Gua Gang Sai'. shows such a geological characters of Iksan. The rice is cultivated in fertile soil and with clean water. The rice is classified as 'Gang Gua Gang Sai'. and it is sticky and soft when cooked.

▶ Pear of Iksan

Areas under the cultivation of Iksan pear are on a rapid increase trend at Iksan. The filed of Iksan is suited to the cultivation of pear because the most of soils are glutinous ocher soil. A pear of Iksan is new soft (Wonhwang Hwasan Gamcheon. and Mansu) which is sweeter and better in quality than "Sinko", one of the representative products mainly cultivated in Korea. The pear cultivators play a leading role to satisfy consumers' confidence by selecting all of their

products by a machine and indicate their real names on the products.

▶ Iddiki Tomato

The tomato grows well in the loamy soil. The soils of "yetdduki village" lies to north side of Mangyeong -river of Iksan is the loamy soil which is suited to the tomato cultivation.

"ldduki Tomato" of this area is excellent in its color and sweetness and it will satisfy consumer's taste.

▶ The Chamoe of Iksan

The Chamoe of Iksan is harvested in the beginning and middle of May at Mangseong and Yosan-myeon. Iksan city is a special sort called "Geumssaragi Unchon" It is so solid that one even hear a crunching sound when he chews it. And it is sweeter than any other chamoes. As products are come into the market with indicating the cultivator's real name. cultivators do their best growing the most delicious and the best chamoe(melon)

▶ Hwangto-Woo (Other cow)

Iskan Hwangto-Woo is raised on ocherous water and the grass growing at the yellow soil. The ocher has the effect the preventing the senility and is good for the skin treatment for it has the substance of purification.

"Hwangto-Woo" of Iksan is raised on water filtered from the ocherous water and the fresh grass cultivated in ocher field The meat is excellent in its taste, for "Hwangto-Woo"is raised with great care until it is brought to market when it weight 600kg.

▶ The Pollution-free Iksan Sweet-potato, Health food in

yellow-soil

The Sweet-potato of Iksan Cultivated in yellow-soil is sweeter than chestnut. It has the effect the preventing constipation, corpulence, fatty and colon cancer due to its ingredient of a lot of fiber and preventing aging phenomena due to its ingredient of rich vitamin.

Because agricultural chemicals are not used in cultivating the sweet- potato of Iksan, it is broadly popular as the population-free health vegetable. Not only the peoples of this district, but also of neighboring cities enjoy this food.

Especially it shows a beautiful color of red-violet(yulmi) and crimson(sinyumi) when it is steamed. The taste and nutritions are also fine when it was steamed.

1. GENERAL ASPECT

Wanju-gun is located in the center of North Jeolla province. Wanju is surrounded by Gosans, for example the Mt. Godeok, and Mt. Moak. In the northwestern part of it are fertile fields connected to the Gimje rice fields. Across the rice field three small rivers-Gosancheon, Soyangcheon, and Samcheoncheon run and those all lead up to the Mangyeong River.

Wan-ju has a very good traffic network. The highway and local roads are connected so you can go to other cities like Gunsan, Seoul, Gwangju, Mokpo, and Yeosu. Also the Jeolla railway line goes through the county.

The Wanju county bird is Korean magpie. It is known as a bird that brings good luck and happiness. Koreans believe if the magpie sings on the roof of the house or at the gate, a special guest comes. This bird is very familar to Koreans. The county flower is royal Azalea. In spring, it covers all the mountains greets people beautifully and elegantly.

2. CULTURAL RELICS

▶ Songgwang Temple

It is in Mt. Chungman in Soyang-myeon. It was first constructed by a zen master, Doui, in 867 which was the 7th year of king Gyeongmun of the Shilla kingdom. And later, it was repaired by the national monk Bocho.

There's a legend about how the temple was built. After the zen master Doui had studied the doctrines of Buddhism in the kingdom of Tang dynasty, he sought a site for a new temple. When he got to the southern part of the country, he saw spiritual water coming out, and there he built this temple.

On the way to the temple, there's a path where cherry blossom trees stands on both sides. In the blooming season the scenery is fantastic. When wind is blowing the flower flakes out, it seems like snowing in April. Many people come there to enjoy the cherry blossom festivals. There are also a lot of vendors when circus, and folk song festivals are held.

▶Wi-bong Temple

It is located in the Wibong castle in the hills of Mt. Chuchul, in Soyang- myeon. It is one of 30 temples in korea. As a matter of fact, it was the greatest temple in korea. At that time, it consisted of 20 buildings, but at present just 3 buildings are left. Among them two buildings are reserved as local treasures.

▶Daea Reservoir

We call it Niagara Falls of the Orient. It is located in Dongsang- myeon. It had been constructed for 3 years. The dam of it is 30 meters high and 294 meters long. It supplies the agricultural water to Jeonju, Iksan, and Gunsan city and it is also the source of drinking water.

▶Gui Reservoir

It is located in the area of Gui-myeon. It had been built for 10 years. It supplies drinking water to Jeonju-si, Wanju-gun, Gimje-si, and Iksan-si. There are a lot of fish in the reservoir , so it is famous for fishing. Many people come to fish on the weekends. Some people come there for boating or water skiing on the weekends. And around the reservoir there are a lot of good coffee shops and restaurants decorated very elegantly. A lot of families and lovers go there for dinner and driving on Saturday evening.

▶Gyeongcheon Reservoir

It is located in Whasan-myeon. It had been built for 3 years. It supplies the agricultural water and drinking water to Gosan-myeon and Wunju- myeon. There are a lot of fish in the reservoir. Many people come to fish. Around the reservoir there are a lot of Maewuntang restaurants where they cook the soup with many kinds of fish, dried radish leaves, onions and red pepper sauce. It's a little hot but very good for the people who want a unique taste.

Around the reservoir you can see the cherry blossom trees standing in a line in spring. It's so wonderful and when it blows, the flowers look like butterflies in the sky.

3. SPECIAL PRODUCTS

▶Persimmons

They are produced in the deep mountains. Especially Gojongsi is a kind of natural seedless persimmons which has a unique flavor. They are so famous that they were served to the kings in Joseon dynasty. In persimmons there is a type of collagen and it prevents adult disease such as the high blood pressure, interval hemorrhage bleeding.

▶Watermelon

It is mainly produced in 6 villages in Bibong-myeon. Watermelons from Bibong-myeon are famous because the flavor of them has low acidity and the sweetness is more than 15 %. Every year people have a watermelon festival and celebrate it with the farmers.

▶Ginger

It's a long time that people in Bongdong have grown ginger. A local leader named Lee Seo-gu studied the soil at Bongdong and foretold that fragrant plants were good for this soil. And people started to grow ginger since then. Compared with others they had a good reputation. Nowadays people build a factory and process packed ginger juice.

▶Jujube (Dates)

Jujube is produced in Gosan and Gyeongcheon-myeons. It is used when people cook or make tea. In korea on the table of sacrificial ceremony , it is one of the most import!ant things at the table.

▶Hwashim Tofu. (or hot bean curd soup)

Hwashim bean curd is in the Soyang-myeon when you visit Songgwang temple. Hwashim bean curd is made from pure beans by the classical methods. So its taste and flavor is so good that it can give people appetites. Hwashim tofu and makgeoli make people feel so fantastic with the rural beauty. Visitors can never miss it.

▶Hwasan Bungeojjim

Gyeongcheon is famous for its pure crucian carp. Natural pure crucian carp here is a big epicurean pleasure. The pure steamed crucian carp is prepared like the followings : first, skillful hands cut crucian carp's belly and get rid of organs. And next , wash them clean and put many spices like potatoes , radish , dried radish leaves and mix with hot pepper powder and paste with other condiments such as garlic , ginger , soy sauce , sugar, etc. and finally steam it for about 30 minutes. Anyone who has tasted it will never forget the taste of it and surely visit again to have it.

▶Gosan Korean Beef

Gosan beef is famous because people in Gosan raise the cows in the area where they live. The taste of meat is good and smooth , so the raw beef is very famous. If the meat is not fresh and smooth , they can't serve raw beef to people. Above all , the farmer raise the cows for themselves and there's a big cow market and a slaughter house nearby. They butcher for themselves , so the price of it is more cheaper than other places. Tourists usually enjoy the sceneries first and have lots of grilled beef or raw beef fully.

4. MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTION

▶Mt. Moak

It is located at Gui-myeon and surrounds Jeonju city. It lies between Geumsan-myeon and Gimje city. It is also at the center of the Noryeong mountains.

It is one of the famous spiritual mountains. In the mountains there are a lot of temples such as Daewon and Suwang temples.

At the end of Shilla dynasty, Gyeonhweon founded the Post-Baekje kingdom in this area. Gang Jung-san founded a kind of religion named "Jeungsando" at the late Joseon dynasty. He cultivated his religious sense and finally perceived a truth and got an enlightenment in Daewon temple. His religion was originated in this temple.

▶Mt. Daedun

It is known as the Geum river in Honam province. it is located in Wunju-myeon and lies between Geumsan-gun and Nonsan-si. It has strict cliffs and fantastic rocks and it looks so magnificent. There are many kinds of rocks maned Imgeum Rock which looks like a king, Ipsok-dae Rock which stands like a man. And its height is 81 meters and its width is 1 meter. Also there is a Wangkwan Rock which looks like a crown.

There's a cable car which goes back and forth between the gate and ; an observation platform. You can appreciate the beautiful sight in the cable car , especially in fall, you might lose what to say about the sight that the red and yellow leaves spreads out with magnificent rocks.

After getting off the cable car, you'll meet the Geum-gang cloud bridge. The bridge is not fixed and it moves when a man goes through it. So it's extremely thrilling that people who are weak-hearted cannot cross it.

A tourist hotel and lots of good restaurants are on both sides of the road. People can enjoy many kinds of folk food and korean brandy, Dongdongju. In the hotel, there's a hot spring and people can relax there.

1. GENERAL ASPECT

Our ancestors have lived here in Buan for a long time. It is located in the southwestern part of Jeollabuk-do. It is low to the east, and high to the west. And it is surrounded by the peninsula.

Dolmen tells us that people lived here in ancient times. Gaeamsa temple and Naesosa temple make us know about the buddhist culture.

Hobulchi tomb and the castle Juryu show us that this county was a royal area long time ago.

There is a ceramic art place which is called Yucheon. Gyewhado was an island. But now lots of good rice are produced in its reclaimed land.

Buan is also a county of hope, because it is under construction with the Saemangeum development plan. It will be much bigger county before long.

▶County Symbols

Buan has symbols which represent the county and citizens.

◈ Emblem

￭ The dark blue background symbolizes the clean and clear west sea surrounding the Byeonsan peninsula.

￭ The white circle symbolizes the harmony & citizens' cooperation.

￭ The green triangle stands for the national park of beautiful Byeonsan peninsula.

￭ The golden lozenges symbolize golden colored broad plains.

▶County tree : Ginkgo

￭ Ginkgo stands for eternity and sublimity.

▶County flower : Royal azalea

￭ Royal azalea means the infinite development and the high spirit of the citizens.

▶County bird : Pigeon

￭ Pigeon symbolizes peace and harmony.

2. CULTURAL RELICS

▶Relics of General, Go-hi

In King Seon-Jo period of Joseon Dynasty, Japanese armed forces invaded our land, Joseon.

During the war, General Go-hi did his best to protect the king. He crossed the river carrying the king on the back and offered him the food in danger. He even took a risk in protecting the king in spite of a hard situation.

All the things that Go-hi used in his life are well preserved in Mt. Seokbul. His descendants have lived there for generations. When you enter the exhibition pavilion of his relics, you can see his photograph on the opposite side and the king's message with the royal seal.

There are also a king's letter that the king gave to him about his memorial service, ancient official outfits, identity card and so on. There are all 20 kinds of relics, and the total number of them is about 215. They are preserved as the national treasure No.739.

Today we can see and feel our ancestors' way of life vividly there.

▶Bong-su dae(beacon)

A beacon is the first corresponding way in our history. It is a way that gives signs to the people far away using fire and smoke.

Bong means 'fire' and Su means 'smoke'.

They used fire at night and smoke in the day-time. Fire and smoke were conveyed from every part of the country to Mt. Namsan in Seoul by relay. There were three beacons in Buan. one was in Gyehwado. another was in Walgory, and the other was in Mt. Jeombang.

The Gyehwa beacon is located in Mt. Gyehwa. We can find the place of beacon at the peak of Mt. Gyehwa today. Gyehwado had been an island but it was reclaimed to land. Now high qualified rice is produced there. Walgory beacon is located on high place of Gyukpo-ri in Byeonsan-myeon. Lastly the Jumbangsan beacon is in eastern Byeonsan beach. They all were connected to each other.

▶Yucheon Doyozi(celadon kiln site)

The old ceramic wares represent one of our most honored cultural heritages. They show us the lives and culture of ancient people. Yucheon Doyozi is the site where our ancestors produced beautiful celadons in the period of Goryeo Dynasty. The plain celadon and inlaid celadon are well known for its beauty so far. Some 40 kilns are located on the nearby wide hills, where various types of wonderful ceramic goods during the 12th and 13th centuries were discovered, including plain celadon, inlaid celadon, copper celadon, white porcelain, inlaid white porcelain and various kiln tools.

Especially some fragments of Goryeo white porcelain were discovered here together with the inlaid white porcelain fragments. They show that the white porcelain was made in the celadon kilns, which were not previously known.

▶Old house of Sin Seok-jeong

This house was a labor room of literature, where Sin Seok- jeong(1907-1974), one of the most famous pastoral poets, wrote his first and second anthologies of 'A candle Light' and 'A Sad Pastoral Song.'

With a dream of being a poet, he left his hometown and was taught privately in Seoul by Priest Monk Bak Han-yeong. After that he started to write poems as a member of Simunhak( a group of poets ).

Hearing of his mother's death, he returned to his hometown and built his own house here in 1932 and planted a Ginko tree, Byeokodong(Chinese parasol), Mokryeon(magnolia), Sansuyu(cornus officinalis), Sinudae(bamboo), etc. And he named the garden 'Cheongguweon.'

Seok-jeong lived here writing poems until he moved to Jeonju city. His life in the countryside gave him the title 'a pastoral poet.'

▶Graveyard of Yi Mae-chang

Yi Mae-chang was a poet as well as Gisaeng(professional entertainer) in the middle of Joseon Dynasty.

She was also called Gyesaeng or Gyeryang because she was born in Gyeunyeon( the year of the fowl in the sexagenary cycle).

Next to Hwang Jin-hi, she was one of the most famous Gisaengs. It is said that she had good relationships with the great scholars such as Yu Hi-gyeong, Heo Gyun, Yi Gwi, etc.

There are about 60 poems written by her. This area was a cemetery until it was remodeled recently, and the tombstone was erected in 1655.

▶Historic site of Bangye

This site has a historical meaning for Silhak(practical science) because Yu Hyeong-won lived here for about 20 years while he was writing the 26 volumes of Bangyesurok. Bangye is his pen name. Born in Seoul in 1622, Bangye moved here at the age of 32 in 1653. Staying here for about 20 years, he wrote the 26 volumes of 『Bangyesurok』. It is about his experience on the farming life. The books deal mainly with the ideas for making an ideal nation of wealth by reforming the contradictions. His thought greatly influenced the Korean realists. Most of all, he is known as a pioneer of the practical science.

3. FESTIVITIES

▶Buan Byeonsan Cape Sunset Festival

From olden times, it has been said that the sunrise is best at Naksan, the sunset at Byeonsan. This festival is held to enjoy the beauty of the setting sun while soothing regret at seeing the old year out. It includes various events such as a Polar Bear Swimming Contest and a sunset painting contest.

▶Mae-chang Festival

Dear John

How have you been?

Thank you for your letter about Washington D.C.

Today I'm going to tell you about 'Mae-chang festival'.

It is held in my county every year.

Mae-chang was a Gisaeng in Joseon dynasty. And she was a great woman poet. So the name of this festival was given to pay tribute to her.

It is a big literary festival for the students in Buan.

All the students from Buan county gather in the Seolim park and have contests of writing and painting. Here they also have a chance to meet the other students from the neighboring schools.

I have joined the festival every year since I was the 1st grade student in an elementary school.

I am going to participate in the essay contest this year. As you know I want to be a writer when I grow up.

There is a poem recitation contest for the adults. I guess a lot of people will join the events. I am looking forward to the festival

I'll write you again soon.

Good-bye.

Sincerely yours

Sung-soon

▶Widottibaednori

● The Outline of the Event

‧ The site of the event : Wido-myeon, Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do

‧ Management : Widottibaednori Conservation Committee

(82-683-584-8957)

‧ The date of the event : during January

● The History of the Event

Widottibaednori contains Tangjedbong' Wondangje and seashore's Yongwangje. The name of Widottibaednori is derived from the convention that a boat is launched the sea finally after Yongwangje. Because we have not taken enough documents about this event, we know little this festival. But according to the old man's observation this festival is handed down from the forefather who made a living by a fishing to supplicate the rich take of fish. once Tangje and great exorcism was disappeared at the front sea of Wido where is famous for Chilsan fishing ground of a croaker. But after thieves appeared here by the ship, the leader of village Lee Do-gon revived Widottibaednori and tug-of-war to unite the citizen.

● The Contents of the Event

‧ Ttibaednori for the supplication of the rich capture of fish

Widottibaednori is mainly divided into Tanggut and Yongwanggut Danggut is performed in the wood and Yongwanggut in the sea. Tanggut is the sacrificial rite for receiving the tutelary deity of boat's god and supplicating the rich take of fish. Yongwanggut is performed to expel the village's all disaster and to soothe the ghost of the people who died in the sea and to supplicate the rich take of fish. The characteristic of Yongwanggut is that the main participant is woman.

▶Customs in Buan-gun

￭ The 15th of January(Daeboreum)

It falls on Jan. 15th of the lunar calendar. It is the first full moon day of new year. They have special rice, special wine, dried nuts, many kinds of dried vegetables on that day. And they wish they could live long in a good health. Also there are some events to pray to heaven. They are as follows.

1. Building up a fire

They build up a fire on early dawn of January 15th. The fire burns making a big sound. It is believed that the big sound lets the ghosts in the houses go away. At that time they use bamboo. So it is called 'bamboo fire'. When they burn the bamboo, they also burn the paper vest that the children wore before that day. With this work they wish they could live in good health and fortune.

2. Breaking nuts

In the morning they break the nuts and eat them with the hope of health during that summer. And also they drink the special wine. It is called 'Guibalgisul' If they drink this wine, they can hear well and hear only good news for a year. So every person, men and women, adults and children, drinks a mouthful of wine.

3. Selling 'heat'

In the early morning, they call the others' name and tell him 'take my heat'. It means that the heat moves to the hearer. So they can live in a good condition of weather in summer.

4. Eating 'Ogokbap'

Everybody believes that If they had Ogokbap, they could live long and get fortune. Ogok means five grains. So Ogokbap is made of glutinous rice, red beans, grains of kaoliang, soybeans, and Chinese millet. And they share Ogokbap with neighbors. Also it is known that they have to eat 9 meals on that day. Besides they have rice only with dried vegetables. That customs bring them good harvests and make them spend cool summer.

Especially they have long dried vegetables like radish leaves, gosari, egg plants, and mushroom. That reminds them of long rice tree, and the long rice tree stands for good harvest.

5. Watching the full moon ( Mangwall )

They watch the full moon at night on the 15th day of January. The moon is the first full moon of the year. All the people of the village gather on the mountain with a torchlight and wait the moon rising.

As the full moon rises up, they cry ' Mangwoliya' in chorus and they make a ceremonial bow for the moon. Some people say their prayers. However, these days, we can hardly see those scenes.

6. Flying a kite

They fly kites to let all the evil fortune fly in the air.

￭ Ttibaetnori(ritual festivity)

It is held on January 3rd of the lunar calendar.

Every man in the village starts to prepare everything for the ceremony before 10 days. At first they make the boat that sails to the sea. on the other hand, the women are busy preparing food for the ceremony. They set the table with fruits, fish and various kinds of vegetables. Specially they must put boiled head-pork.

On the very day, all the people in the village start for Wondang with the rhythm of fork music. once they gather in the place, they give a ceremony to offer the food. And then they take the boat to the front sea of Chilsan and set the boat afloat. It means that they drive away every evil of the year with the boat to the sea far away. So to speak, they do this ceremony to keep off evil fortune. So this process is the peak of the festival. At this moment all the people sing together with applause. After they float the boat down a river, the villagers are in the festive atmosphere. They play at a tug-of-war. After that they keep the rope that they used on that day rolling around the big tree in front of the village for one year.

The people in the village are very proud of this ceremony. They get to love more and cooperate better with each other through this ceremony. It is named the cultural treasure No. 82.

▶LEGEND

￭ Donji Well

◇ Location : donji, uibok-ri, gyehwa-myeon, Buan County

◇ Informat : Buan County

Donji village in gyehwa-myeon used to be a village along the cast with busy harbor until it became the village on the land because of the reclamation work in 1968. They had difficulties of few wells in the village. At that time on old monk dropped by the house where an old woman lived alone and asked for dinner.

She said 「Look, monk! I just finished my dinner so I have nothing to give you. You can get some food at another house.」 But he didn't go and said to her 「Please open your iron pot.」 She opened the pot and was puzzled at the full of rice in the cauldron. She served him delicious dinner and then he asked her for staying at her house for a night.

The next day he said to her,

「I want repay your kindness. Please, follow me.」

He pointed to forest and kept saying to her, 「If you dig here, you could discover the square shaped stone, there will be plenty of clean water for this village.」

She realized he was an eminent Buddhist priest, digged and found the well including fresh water as he said. The water in that well was never dried even though in the period of drought. They called it 'Donji' which means to bow his favor.

Donji well and Dangsan forest along the cast, these two are well known for their belief, pride and the symbol of the village.

4. MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTIONS

▶Chaeseokgang

It is located on the right side of Gyeokpo port. And it is named after the Chinese river where Li Po, a great poet, played.

Based on granite and gneiss, produced in Pre-Cambrian, the cliffs which were eroded in Cretaceous period of Mesozoic era, form an expanse of stratified flat rock that looks like a huge pile of books.

▶Byeonsan Beach

Byeonsan beach is 24km away from Buan. Soft sands, mild water temperature and smooth water depth make this beach safe for family travelers. Scenic seashore road provides fantastic drive course.

▶Byeonsan Hot Spring

As the only coastal hot spring complex in Korea, it is equipped with hotel, training centers and various recreational facilities. And it is 18km away in the direction of Byeonsan Beach from Buan.

▶Saemangeum Reclaimed Land

It is a historic project to establish the longest sea wall in the world to make high quality of farm land in large scale, seashore factory complex, international port and furthermore to build advanced base for upcoming west coast period. With this project, newly reclaimed territory reaches 40,100ha.

▶Jikso Waterfall

The height of Jikso Waterfall is about 30m. The water, falling continually from sword-cut and sharp-edged rocks above, forms a round pond. Its depth is uncalculative.

▶Buan Dam

Buan dam was completed on November 6, 1996. It usually serves as a water supply source which gives water to the residents in Buan and Gochang.

1. GENERAL ASPECT

Gochang is the town with the largest dolmen sites in Korea. Some of the dolmens in Dosan-ri, Sanggap-ri and Maesan-ri of the town are southern-styled whereas most of those in the rest of North Jeolla Province are northern-styled. This proves that a wide scope of culture existed in the town in the prehistoric times.

▶History of the name

Gochang is where Morobiri, one of the 54 small countries during the ancient Mahan Period, was located. The town was called Moryangburi-hyeon or Moyang-hyeon in the Baekje Period, then renamed as Gochang-hyeon in the United Kingdom of Shilla.

▶Geography

When it comes to the town's famous spots, the first things that come to mind are Seonunsa or the Sonun Temple and the Gochang City Fortress. seonun Temple is one of the leading Buddhist temples in North Jeolla Province. It is not only famous for camellias but has quite a few Buddhist treasures such as Daewungjun or the main building and the statue of a Buddhist saint named Jijang.

Meanwhile the Gochang City Fortress is the best-preserved fortress in the country. It was Built in the early days of the Joseon Dynasty period to protect the town against Japanese invaders. People has carried on the tradition of stepping on the ground of the fortress to the memory of the spirit. A town named Mujang in Sungnae-ri, Mujang-myeon, also has a fortress. The southern gate and mud wall of the Mujang Town Fortress remain in their original form.

Part of Shin jae-hyo's house remains near a pavillion called Gongbungnu within the Gochang Fortress. Gochang has relics of Dongje all over towns called Ogari Dangsan, Sadong, Gosu-myeon, and specially the Gosu-myeon was regarded as a site for the production of ceramics from celadon porcelains of the Goryeo Dynasty to white porcelains of the Joseon Dynasty and throughout the Japanese colonial period. Sudong-ri, Buan-myeon has a Bunchung production site, which is a specific type of porcelain. This place has been designated as a historic site as well.

Bongan-ri, Buan-myeon has Kim Seong-soo's house. The design of the house is typical of wealthy families' houses in the region.

2. CULTURAL RELICS

▶Dolmen

Goindol is also called "Jiseokmyo" in Korean, Sokbung in Chinese, and a Dolmen in English. Goindol(dolmen) and Jiseokmyo are used as the word with same meaning. Jiseokmyo means a tomb with a dolmen erected in a large scale as it is interpreted in its Chinese character.

Mankind left architecture made of huge stones. That is because they believed there is mysterious power in a huge stone, and the spirit has a strong influence upon man's fate and fortune. They worshiped the huge stone on the base of that belief. Such a belief that natural object, natural phenomena and the universe itself possess souls or consciousness is animism. The dolmen of Korea is the representative element of megalithic culture of Korea and the valuable material to show the spiritual world of our ancestors.

1. Its Distribution

Dolmens forming a group at Juklim-ri and Sangkap-ri are distributed within the range of 1,764 m from east to west centering around Maesan village. It is located about 9.5 km away to the northwest of Gochang-eup.

The altitude of this area ranges from 15m to 199m. Most of dolmens are distributed within the range of altitude 15-20m along the south foot of mountains ranging from east to west of Maesan village. They are distributed along a contour line. The gradient of Juklim-ri is increasing from the altitude 60 m as its starting point. The flatland whose gradient is 10 to 30% takes up 141,100m(14.3%). In case of Dosan-ri, next to Juklim-ri, the plain whose gradient is less than 10% takes up 2,975m(8.8%) and the rest are gently inclined.

2. Geography

The most of dolmens of this area is mostly distributed in gently inclined place. The land is typical of rural community of Korea. An agricultural land, concentrated on rice farming, lies in the south, mountains and forests lie along the inclined plain in the north, and villages lie in the gently inclined plain. Dolmens are mostly distributed at the boundary between rice fields and farms.

Since 3 dolmens in 1965, 550 dolmens (442 dolmens remained in the original condition, and 108 dolmens were ruined and buried) were dug up by a field investigation over 3 months period under the supervision of North Jeolla Province and Weongwang University. It is assumed that there were about 1,000 dolmens erected long time ago, including the rest dolmens ruined and buried. It is not easy to find this kind of mass distribution not only at other provinces of Korea, but also all over the world.

Thus, this kind of mass distribution is the import!ant material to research an aspect of a memorial service and types of tomb, as well as the spirit, society and civilization in those days.

3. Its Types (Kinds)

The various kinds of form are: "Table-type", known as the northern style; "Jisangsukkwak-type", the style that several pieces of wall stone are exposed above the ground; and "Baduk Board-type", which is the southern style. Enormous numbers of dolmens are import!ant materials for examining the origin, the character and the changes of dolmen.

Dolmens seem to be scattered, but they are actually distributed in order. Groups of the northern style dolmens, located along the foot(Altitude 180m) and groups of Dolmen, located along the foot of Somtulbong peak (Altitude 158.6m)are distributed forming a line. And groups of dolmens, located at a valley between two mountains, seem not to be distributed in order, but it is confirm!ed that they are distributed forming a line by a close investigation. It is interpreted that forming in order is determined by the class of society; but it is not certain that this is true.

4. Its Numbers

The accurate number of dolmens distributed at Gochang county is not counted yet, but it is estimated there are about 2,000 dolmens over 85 different places by the research conducted by Jeonbuk National University(1984, 1987) and Weongwang University(1990)

The remains of dolmens at Gochang county are very mysterious and import!ant in all respects : how they could construct a tomb to bury a dead body with a huge stone, what kinds of construction techniques are used, why the dolmens are distributed in a large scale forming in close order.

It comes to the conclusion that the remains of dolmens at Juklim-ri and Sanggap-ri are the cultural inheritance of the world as well as Korea in that those mass dolmens are distributed very closely.

3. FESTIVITIES

▶Ogeri Dangsan Je

Date: 15th day of the 1st lunar month

Ogeri Dangsan in Gochang-eup is believed to prevent disaster and help good harvest as a guardian of the village. As the terrain of Gochang-eup looks like a ship, a dangsan (guardian hill) needed to be installed at the center in order to balance the floating ship.

All of the village people work together on the Dangsanje on the 15th of January by the lunar calendar (one of Korean big festival days).

The people, divided into east team and west team by the center of Dangsan, compete in Yeondung Nori (lantern game) and a tug of war, which are Korean traditional games. Both teams make a hundred of red-and-blue gauze lanterns and hang them on a long pole and get together at Dangsan in the afternoon on the 15th of January.

A lantern procession is followed by a line of men who hold torches and carry a thick rope on the shoulder. A person rides on the forefront loop of the thick rope and people of both sides carry the rope on the shoulder. During the parade, rider's leading is followed by refrain chorus of carriers. When east team and west team meet at central Dangsan, two riders on the forefront loop of each rope tackle to fight.

This is called 'Go fight' (Fight of loop). When the rope of each team is connected each other for a tug of war, east men's rope is inserted into west women's loop and the loop of men's rope is fixed with a large wood, which symbolizes sexual intercourse. In this tug of war, the west should defeat the east in order to make a good harvest. So, it is customary for the east to intentionally lose the game. When the tug of war is finished, a Dangsan stone is winded with the rope.

The tug of war is followed by Yeondeung Nori, which is the game of extinguishing lights by throwing stones at red-and-blue gauze lanterns hung on a lantern pole.

● The Outline of the Event

‧ The site of the event : Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do

‧ Management : Gochang Art Center (82-677-564-2340)

‧ The date of the event : during February

● The History of the Event

Ogori(five-way crossing)dangsan is established in six places of Gochang-eup. These Dangsans are called Sangeoridangsan, Dongsanmuldangsan, Hageoridangsan, Chungeoridangsan, Chungangdangsan, Gyochondangsan. Also around Gochang-eup five villages are scattered every direction. The 15th day of the first lunar month Dangsan festival and tug-of-war are held very exciting.

● The Contents of the Event

After the string of women' part and the string of men' part are hung on both sides of east and west, the leaders of both sides ride on the string and contend for victory. Because of the legend that a year of abundance comes if a women-string part wins through a fierce competition, always a women-string part wins.

‧ Dangsan festival reappearance

‧ Yeondeungje tug-of-war

‧ The folk customs play

▶Moyangsungje Tapsanori

Date: During 5 days around the 7th day of 9th lunar month

Sponsored by Moyangseongje Association, this festival has been developed as a big community party with many traditional events such as performance of treading of fortress (enacted only in this province), performance of Korean traditional wedding ceremony, performance of new mayor's suite parade, performance of fortress building, award ceremony of Dongri Prize, national children's Pansori contest, various exhibitions celebrating performances and borigol nanjang.

The treading custom of Gochang fortress started long time ago with a legend that a woman can heal her leg disease if she makes a round of the fortress once with a stone on her heads. She can live in good heath if she makes a round of the fortress twice also with a stone on her heads. She can go to paradise if she round it three times.

The effect of fortress treading was known to be most powerful especially on 6th, 16th, 26th day in third intercalary month because the heaven's gate was believed to open wide only on a day with number six.

Therefore, treading the path of the fortress had attracted much more women on these days from other far provinces. When women finished making a round of the fortress, each of them laid stones that they carried on their heads at the fortress gate.

As a result, they trod the fortress, which had been frozen during the winter and they reinforced the fortress with stones. However, this custom is now enacted only during Moyangseongje festival on the 9th day of 9th lunar month.

● The Outline of the Event

‧ The site of the event : Gochang, Jeollabuk-do

‧ Management : Moyangseong festival committee (82-677-560-2000)

‧ The date of the event : during October

● The History of the Event

According to the policy of the Joseon Dynasty that repress Buddhism and respect Confucianism, Buddhist culture which had been prosperous from the period of three kingdoms to Goryeo dynasty began to decline. As Buddhist customs entered priesthood, street customs disappeared. Therefore new street customs were required in order to make up for these blank. The governor minded street customs that should be created and made every effort to refine the public sentiment. They expected that new customs appeared through the nature worship service and shamanism. But because Buddhist civilization had been the ground of the public sentiment for several centuries, new customs hardly appeared. So street customs appeared in those day were only the play of treading on the castle which waiting for supplication after death and were the play of treading on the bridges which expel the illness and calamity.

● The contents of event

‧ The Play of treading on castle

‧ Traditional marriage ceremony

‧ The appearance of building of castle etc.

Because of the legend that if one goes round the Moyangsong one can live long without disease and rise to the paradise, nowadays whenever a leap month comes women gather together from all over the country. These women wearing the white cloth carry a stone on the head and go round the Moyangseong three times in order to improve the rode of paradise. And they eat food together and enjoy their outing. This tradition is continued for several century.

*Moyangseong : Moyangseong is the only stony castle that remain its original form. This castle is the local cultural relics and tourism resource that recognized its worth that this tradition has been continued only throughout the country.

▶Dongbackyeon Festival

In the Mt. Seonun Square, this festival is held with various events including classical music concert, sijo reciting contest (a three-verse Korean poem), Toohonolyee, Jaegichagi (a shuttlecock game), Yut game, writing contest, and painting contest.

The forest of camellia, Korean natural monument No. 184, has a community of 3,000 camellia trees in about 20,000-sq. yd.

▶Gochang Watermelon festival

Gochang watermelon is world famous for its wonderful taste. on this festival day, you can eat it to the full. Among exciting events there are watermelon fair, king watermelon contest, watermelon tasting party, watermelon eating contest, amateur singing contest, and ssireum match (Korean wrestling match).

▶LEGEND

￭ Gakssi Rock

◇ Location : hakcheon-ri, seongsong-myeon, Gochang County

◇ Informat : Gwon Nyeog-bong

(male, 197, hakcheon-ri, seongsong-myeon, Gochang County)

The beautiful peak Jusan rises high 1㎞ away from hakcheon-ri. The temple Unsonam is located there and the rock Yangcheon-am is just a few meters away from it. The statue of Buddhist saint was carved on the Yangcheon-am and its left breast is still bleeding. The reason for it is as follows :

One beautiful lady went the temple Unsonam to offer a Buddhist prayer. The monk caressed her breast and the lady committed suicide by cutting her nipple. After that the monk carved her statue in honor of her purity. As soon as the statue was completed, one of nipple was bleeding with big thunder. It is called 'Yangcheon Rock' or 'Gakssi Rock' named after her name 'Yangcheon'. It still has the trace of blood even though people cleaned and wiped it out.

￭ The Story of Ant Mountain

◇ Location : Dupyung-ri, gosu-myeon, Gochang County

◇ Informat : Lee Jae-hwan

(male, 128, dupyeong-ri, gosu-myeon, Gochang County)

There was a tile-roofed house where an old woman lived. She had to go home early because a tiger in the mountain appeared eat up people at night. one day she happened to meet a tiger on her way home in the evening after collecting edible bracken leaves.

She was almost eaten up by the tiger. All of a sudden a swarm of ants started to bite off the tiger so that she could barely escape from it.

The next day she and her neighbors went there and found out a swarm of ants and the tiger were dead.

There was a rock where the old woman could escape. People called it lucky rock and it would give them luck if they put a stone on the hole of the rock.

People call it 'Ant Mountain' because it still has lots of ants. A number of people visit here to make a wish even though the tiled house disappeared.

￭ The Story of Ant Mountain

◇ Location : dupyeong-ri, gosu-myeon, Gochang County